Edoardo Baldoni (p), Lisa De Propris, Dimitri Storai

Olivier Crevoisier

The integration between manufacturing and service activities currently represents a core source of competitiveness for firms and territories. A fast-growing literature analyses the phenomenon of territorial servitisation, namely the co-location in the same production system of manufacturing and KIBS (Knowledge Intensive Business Services) activities.
The paper aims at investigating the process of territorial servitisation in Italy throughout the analysis of the diffusion of KIBS activities in the different types of local production systems captures by geographical units of analysis called Local Labour Systems (LLSs). We distinguish between Professional-KIBS and Technological-KIBS.
The dimension and the growth of KIBS activities and their co-location processes with manufacturing sectors are analyzed by means of firm employment, location quotients (LQs) and co-location maps, the latter revealing the spatial relation between the specialization of LLSs and the specialization of neighbouring LLSs.
Firm employment data is extracted from Italian Statistical Archive of Active firms (ASIA) provided by Italian National Institute for Statistics (ISTAT). ASIA data is matched with ISTAT territorial identification and classification of Italian LLSs. The analysis is carried out over the period 2012–2018.
Italy is still experimenting a decoupling process between manufacturing and KIBS activities. Nevertheless, a dynamic recoupling process primarily involving high tech manufacturing and fast growing Professional-KIBS and Technological-KIBS, seems to be underway.

Anna Wojewnik-Filipkowska (p), Anna Gierusz-Matkowska

Edoardo Baldoni

The research studies the phenomenon of "just city", a concept presented in New Lepzig Charter (European Union 2020) along with "productive city" and "green city" concepts. The research aims to present the concept of "just city" measure and assess whether Polish cities are "just cities". The research shall cover 66 cities with county rights in 2014-2022. The research methods include literature survey and statistical analysis applying linear ordering method.

Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho (p)

Anna Wojewnik-Filipkowska

Investment is fundamental for the competitiveness of agriculture and, consequently, for the sustainable development of the current societies and economies. Competitiveness has several dimensions and encompasses many factors from the more diverse domains. In this way, the competitiveness assessment is not an easy task. The same happens with sustainable development. In any case, investment operations have an important role in the frameworks associated with these two topics (competitiveness and sustainable development). On the other hand, the new technologies related to the digital transition may support adjusted assessments and, consequently, better contribute to more accurate management and planning decisions. Following these motivations, this research intends to contribute to a better understanding of the prediction of the investment practices in the European Union farms, considering microeconomic data (at the farm level) and machine learning approaches. The results highlight a set of models and variables that may be taken into account by the stakeholders.

Acknowledgments: This work is funded by National Funds through the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., within the scope of the project Refª UIDB/00681/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/00681/2020). This research is also funded by the Enovo company. This study was carried out under the international project “Agriculture 4.0: Current reality, potentialities and policy proposals” (CERNAS-IPV/2022/008). Furthermore we would like to thank the CERNAS Research Centre and the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu for their support. This work is too co-financed by the PRR - Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência (República Portuguesa) and the European NextGeneration EU Funds (https://recuperarportugal.gov.pt) through application PRR-C05-i03-I-000030 - "Carb2Soil – Reforçar a Complementaridade entre agricultura e pecuária para aumentar a fertilidade dos solos e a sua capacidade de sequestro de carbono.".

Janeth González Rubio (p), Alexander Blandon-Lopez, Nelson Florez-Vaquiro

Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho

Public policy to promote the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals focuses on the significant reduction of poverty and the productive and social inclusion of vulnerable sectors of the population. Coffee is a leading product in Tolima's economy in terms of generating employment and income and contributes significantly to regional exports. Ninety-six percent are small coffee farmers (smallholder and peasant) and occupy 84% of the coffee cultivated territory in the department of Tolima (Comite de Cafeteros del Tolima, 2016). With respect to avocado, Tolima has ranked as the first avocado producer both in planted area and production, with 11,526 ha planted and 60,704 ton, (MADR, 2017). In relation to the cultivation of cocoa, it is one of the most projected in Tolima. It produced about 4,500 tons of the fruit in 2019, thus concentrating, together with the Department of Huila, 13% of the total production of Colombia (Fedecacao, 2020).
Historically, small farmers in these sectors have been constrained by the power of local intermediaries, receive low levels of income from informal employment and generally live in some level of poverty. In this context, the objective is to study the contribution of the competitive insertion of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in global value chains (GVCs) to the quality of employment in three agro-industrial chains in Tolima (specialty coffees, cocoa, avocado).
The theoretical framework of the research is supported by two fields of literature, GVCs and employment and labor studies, in particular the area associated with human resource development. In terms of the methodological approach, the study is carried out in the main avocado, specialty coffee and cocoa producing municipalities of Tolima with producer associations. Mixed techniques are used to collect information. On the one hand, the research incorporates the collection of documentary information, DANE microdata and databases of national and international sectoral organizations and FAO. On the other hand, two main instruments will be used for the field work: first, a structured questionnaire to survey the cooperatives where the producers are affiliated. Second, in-depth interviews will be conducted with key informants in the chains, as well as with experts and institutional actors, using a semi-structured questionnaire.
The expected results are a proposal for a policy intervention in human resource development to improve capacities, as well as the quality of employment and social inclusion of small-scale Hass avocado, cocoa and specialty coffee producers and their insertion into global value chains.

Olivier Crevoisier (p)

Janeth González Rubio

This article proposes a typology of rent theories, from Ricardo to recent post-industrial approaches. The criteria of this typology can be divided into two sets.
The first set of criteria are the characteristics identified by Schumpeter for the emergence of a rent, namely the tension between the productivity of a resource on the one hand and its scarcity on the other (Mollard et al. 2011). Depending on the author, the productive and scarce resources vary: land for Ricardo, industrial externalities for Marshall, and so on. Today, many works focus on the financialization of the city (Aalbers 2015) and emphasize the inelasticity of urban land supply, that of the central locations of the largest cities. This scarcity is coupled with strong demand from financialized capital, which circulates on a global scale and is likely to invest massively in this or that city. A second resource under pressure also concerns urban land, but that of places particularly valued by residents and especially by mobile consumers, of which "overtourism" is the most obvious sign.
A second set of criteria relates to the spatial and temporal forms (income from outside the region, internal flows, mobile elements) that these rents take. Ricardo's agricultural rent, based on the monopolistic ownership of the most fertile land by landowners who generally live in the city to enjoy their income, is very different from the form of Marshallian industrial rent. The latter takes into account the income generated by the region's exports, which allows a local redistribution of income (profits, wages), which is capitalized on the land and increases its value. Contemporary rents also take specific forms, involving different forms of mobility (of goods, people and capital) and different ways of anchoring in the region.
On the basis of these criteria and the dynamics observed today, the final section outlines the implications of the extraordinary growth of major urban development projects over the last twenty years (Aveline-Dubach 2023). Unlike previous rents, which captured the value created in the past, these massive investments, which often involve entire districts or even entire cities, precede the development of activities. In this sense, they represent a bet on the future development of the city, a way of capturing the urban character under construction.