Sara Pinillos-franco, Javier Lera (p), David Cantarero

Hadil Houimli (withdrawn)

Objectives: Adolescence is a period between childhood and youth that implies important biological, psychological, and social changes. They start consuming alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in an attempt to prove new life experiences and seek peers’ approval. In this context, we aim to analyze how parental monitoring and permissiveness influence on alcohol drinking, smoking, and vaping among Spanish teens.
Methods: Using the 2021 wave of the Spanish School Survey on Drug Use that collects information about students aged between 14 and 18 years, we examined the relationship between four different health-risky behaviors and parental monitoring and permissiveness.
Results: We found that mothers’ permissiveness increased more the probability than fathers’ of smoking tobacco (coeff. 1.10 vs. coeff. 0.22), pipe (coeff. 0.95 vs. coeff. 0.39), vaping (coeff. 0.92 v. coeff. 0.21) and drinking alcohol (coeff. 0.95 vs. coeff. 0.21). High parental monitoring out of home reduced teens’ odds of engaging in any health-risky behavior. Particularly, establishing rules out of home reduced the consumption of tobacco (coeff. -0.13), pipe (coeff. -0.28), alcohol (coeff. -0.28), and vaping (coeff. -0.19). Parents’ knowledge about teens’ nightlife also reduced health-risky behaviors among teens.
Conclusion: A high level of parental monitoring is negatively associated with alcohol drinking, smoking, and vaping among teens, whereas a high level of parental permissiveness leads to higher odds of pursuing health-risky behaviors. This is reinforced when mothers are most permissive. Our results highlight the importance of focusing health educational programs on teens but also on parents to avoid health-risk behaviors at early ages.

Juan Duran (p), Iulia Siedschlag

Javier Lera

Theoretical models and international evidence have established that foreign direct
investment is associated with new technologies, productivity gains, higher wages, and
wage inequality in the host countries. While most existing studies on foreign direct investment
and wage inequality have examined relative wages across skills, occupations
and sectors, recent contributions to the theoretical and empirical literature highlight
the role of wage dispersion between firms as an important driver of overall income inequality.
Against this background, this paper examines wage dispersion between firms
across European regions and the role played by multinational firms with dominant
market shares, the so-called “superstar firms”. Firstly, we document the evolution of
wage dispersion between firms and the regional presence of foreign affiliates across
European regions. Second, we empirically investigate the role of inward foreign direct
investment as a driver of wage dispersion between firms across European regions. The
analysis uses firm-level data from the ORBIS Europe data set over 2012-2021 combined
with a range of economic and social data at the regional level. Using a shift-share
instrumental variables approach, we find that foreign direct investment, particularly
international superstar firms, contributed to increased wage inequality between firms
across European regions.

Rémi Peltier (p), Mihai Tivadar

Juan Duran

One branch of urban economics shows that amenities affect a city's sociospatial structure, leading to social segregation. Coastal cities are known to comprise a large proportion of the world's population and possess a high level of natural amenities. With this in mind, it is important to explore the link between natural coastal amenities and residential segregation. We propose a theoretical model to explain this relationship and compare our results with those in French coastal cities. We find an American social structure that we explain theoretically by the small difference between the transport cost ratios of the two social categories.

Talita Greyling (p), Stephanie Rossouw

Rémi Peltier

Positive emotions have a spillover effect and are contagious, creating more positivity in a society. We know that happier societies are healthier, more productive and more likely to comply with rules. However, can these positive emotions be elicited by World Cup sports events and contribute to national well-being?
The paper has two primary aims. First, to determine whether the success of a nation's soccer team produces an increase in reported happiness among citizens of that nation. Secondly, to determine whether failures have the opposite effect and if the effect size is similar. To this end, we analyse the temporal evolution of well-being and emotions regarding the recent 2022 FIFA World Cup and use topic modelling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation-unsupervised machine learning) and narrative analysis to understand the public perceptions that led to the observed changes in happiness or sadness. To achieve these aims, we use unique time series datasets derived from extracting tweets in real-time, filtering on specific keywords related to the World Cup for 16 countries. Applying Natural Language Processing, we derive each tweet's underlying sentiment and use the sentiment score to construct daily time-series data to measure happiness (Gross National Happiness (GNH)) and eight different emotions.