Ewa Flaszyńska (p)

Zoltan Andras Daniel

The aim of the introduction is to present the problem of structural shortages on the Polish and European labour market, a tool for their assessment and identified problems and limitations in employee detection. Counteracting employee shortages in the labour market requires the implementation of comprehensive actions in the short, medium and long term. Their effective coordination is crucial. Two tools presented: the first and the second pan-European one. Among the ad hoc actions to prevent shortages in the labour market are the identification of treatments that may occur and forecasting the demand for employees in the years to come. In Poland, we provide very effective drugs to conduct short-term forecasts for the benefit - Occupational Barometer. We also take care of attractive presentation of data on the website. Each year, the Occupations Barometer identifies treatment and surplus occupations for the following year.
The productivity barometer is a short-term (one-year) forecast of the demand for employees in selected professions, which is available in Poland. The preparation forecast is at the level of poviats, voivodeships and the country. The study is qualitative in nature - available on a panel of experts. They are created separately for each district in Poland. They are based on the opinions of experts who meet at the turn of the third and fourth quarters and analyze individual results.
The European Union has prepared a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing an EU talent pool. The aim of the draft regulation establishing the EU Talent Pool is to contribute to filling structural shortages of workers on the EU labour market. An IT platform will be created to facilitate the recruitment of people from third countries to work in Member States. The creation of an IT platform is intended to facilitate the recruitment of people from third countries to work in Member States that will participate in the EU Talent Pool, in professions where there is a shortage of workers. Labour market shortages both in Poland and in all European Union countries are a permanent element of the economic reality for the coming years.

Eduardo Ibarra-Olivo (p), Andres Espejo

Ewa Flaszyńska

Multinational Enterprise (MNE) presence may affect the degree of informality in the host economy. Whilst foreign firms generally operate within the formal sector of the economy, they may also choose to outsource some stages of production in the host informal labour markets. The economic significance of these effects will depend on the labour force requirements for a given economic sector and the reliance of MNEs on certain types of labour. On the one hand, recent decades have witnessed changes in sectoral composition of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) along with changes in the spatial distribution at the subnational level. On the other hand, labour informality is still commonplace in the Mexican economy, though, informality rates vary markedly across subnational regions. This paper studies the heterogeneous effects of MNEs’ direct investment activities on informality in the host region and sector of destination. By exploiting cross-municipality variation in both labour informality and inward FDI stocks, we can assess the capacity of such investments to increase or decrease informal employment in the host regional economy. This paper sheds light on the link between FDI and labour informality in the context of an emerging Latin American economy. The implications on labour market outcomes are ascertained not only individuals but regions as well.

Thomas De Graaff (p), Stuart Donovan, Henri de Groot

Eduardo Ibarra-Olivo

Using commuting data for Brisbane, Australia, we find that accounting for measurement error in travel times causes the magnitude of parameters in mode and location choice models to increase approximately three-fold and 30-40%, respectively. Errors appear to be somewhat systematic, with travel times being underestimated for short journeys and vice versa for long journeys, especially by public transport. We find similar results when we use alternative transport cost measures and independent commuting data from London. Our findings are likely to have important implications for transport and land use policy as well as the many types of economic models in which travel times, and transport costs, more generally, occupy a central role.

Zoltan Andras Daniel (p), Tamás Molnár (p)

Thomas De Graaff

Regional development and planning aim to promote social and economic growth and reduce significant economic and infrastructural disparities. Its role is to support Community initiatives to this end, by helping lagging regions to catch up, reducing unemployment and supporting the renewal of industrial and agricultural enterprises. This legislation made it possible to create free enterprise zones in Hungary in 2013. The list, which has been extended twice since then, now includes 1202 municipalities. Municipalities in the zones create a favourable environment for investment, and businesses investing and creating jobs in the area can benefit from corporate tax relief and employer contributions and are also eligible for EU support. One of the hypotheses of our research is that the number of jobseekers in the municipalities in the FEZ (compared to other municipalities) has decreased significantly in the post-classification period. To prove this, we examined labour market developments in the FEZs because of the inclusion in the zones. Relying on regional statistics on the official labour market and on enterprise statistics, our analysis takes a regional perspective and tries to focus on temporality. Our database contains data at the municipal level (registered jobseekers, public employment, active enterprises, number of employed persons, subsidies) for a period of more than 10 years. In addition to labour market processes, we focused on the role of enterprises in terms of mutual positive effects. It was found that the positive impact on labour market processes was detectable but not clearly demonstrated, while for active enterprises, the inclusion in the zone induced positive effects. There is a statistically proven positive effect in terms of average number of employees. The results show that the use of development aid is more efficient for enterprises in FEZ areas than in other parts of Hungary.