S56-S1 Transport, health and socio-territorial disparities
Tracks
Special Session
| Wednesday, August 28, 2019 |
| 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM |
| IUT_Room 108 |
Details
Convernor(s): Mohamed Mouloud Haddak, Camille Payre, Corinne Praznoczy / Chair: Mohamed Mouloud Haddak
Speaker
Dr. David Castells-quintana
Associate Professor
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Density, city structure, and pollution: a global view
Author(s) - Presenters are indicated with (p)
David Castells-Quintana (p), Elisa Dienesch , Melanie Krause
Discussant for this paper
Camille Payre
Abstract
see extended abstract
Dr. Camille Payre
Senior Researcher
Eifer
Considering environment, health and inhabitants’ wellbeing in urban planning: a modeling approach
Author(s) - Presenters are indicated with (p)
Camille Payre (p), Darby Jack, Hélène Cessey, Patrick Kinney, Guillaume Bardeau, Elise Nimal, Samuel Thiriot
Discussant for this paper
Mohamed Mouloud Haddak
Abstract
Cities, as major population and activities hubs, have to consider in addition to their operational constraints, environment and human health preservation, and especially in protecting their inhabitants in all their diversity. Traffic and domestic heating are crucial aspects of a functioning city. They and are recognized as major anthropogenic urban sources of air pollution and noise, and consequently as major sources of health impacts in urban context.
A geo-localized modelling method has been developed. The focus was put on supporting decision making by proposing an integrated approach, replicable on different cities. After a diagnosis of the current situation based on local data, prospective scenarios are designed, especially regarding traffic and energy production. Then punctual, linear and surfacic emissions are modeled and resulting air pollutants concentrations within the city are estimated using a Gaussian air pollution dispersion model. Finally, effects on inhabitants’ health are determined, including effects on more sensible population either from a health point of view (children, elderly) or from a social one.
The method was successfully applied in two contexts, Strasbourg (France), and New York City (USA), each time in partnership with local stakeholders. In the first case, data were provided by the city and the local partners whereas in the second case they were mainly found in the open data systems. It is adaptable to the stakeholders’ needs: focus on air pollution in New York City, air pollution and noise in Strasbourg.
This approach may be reinforced with other indicators such as greenhouse gases emissions, urban heat island, cost-benefit analysis or affordability of the solutions on short and long term.
A geo-localized modelling method has been developed. The focus was put on supporting decision making by proposing an integrated approach, replicable on different cities. After a diagnosis of the current situation based on local data, prospective scenarios are designed, especially regarding traffic and energy production. Then punctual, linear and surfacic emissions are modeled and resulting air pollutants concentrations within the city are estimated using a Gaussian air pollution dispersion model. Finally, effects on inhabitants’ health are determined, including effects on more sensible population either from a health point of view (children, elderly) or from a social one.
The method was successfully applied in two contexts, Strasbourg (France), and New York City (USA), each time in partnership with local stakeholders. In the first case, data were provided by the city and the local partners whereas in the second case they were mainly found in the open data systems. It is adaptable to the stakeholders’ needs: focus on air pollution in New York City, air pollution and noise in Strasbourg.
This approach may be reinforced with other indicators such as greenhouse gases emissions, urban heat island, cost-benefit analysis or affordability of the solutions on short and long term.
Mr Mohamed Mouloud Haddak
Senior Researcher
Université Gustave Eiffel
Effect of road-traffic related nuisances on the active travel modes. What is the issue?
Author(s) - Presenters are indicated with (p)
Mohamed Mouloud Haddak (p), Sarah Mahdjoub
Discussant for this paper
Camille Payre
Abstract
Purpose: Exposure to road traffic nuisance, such as noise, air pollution and traffic accidents, can lead to feelings of annoyance or road insecurity. Annoyance is defined as a feeling of displeasure claimed by an individual or group to be adversely affecting them, diminishing long-term quality of life; road insecurity is recognized as affecting welfare. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants (sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and related to daily mobility) of annoyance by noise and air pollution and of road insecurity.
Methods: A sample of 720 subjects, aged 18 years and over, living in the Rhone Departement (France) in 2013 was interviewed by questionnaire. Annoyance and feeling of road insecurity were estimated on a 10-point scale from 1 (not annoyed) to 10 (highly annoyed) for each nuisance, with a threshold of 8.
Results: The main finding was that active travel mode users experienced greater annoyance, whatever the nuisance than motorized users.
Conclusions: The least polluting are the most annoyed. These results are very interesting. Active travel mode users help improve air quality, alleviate traffic congestion and minimize the risk of road-accidents, as well as improving their own health. In a context in which active travel modes and public transport are being promoted, active travellers might be protected against such annoyance, liable to hinder the development of such a practice.
Methods: A sample of 720 subjects, aged 18 years and over, living in the Rhone Departement (France) in 2013 was interviewed by questionnaire. Annoyance and feeling of road insecurity were estimated on a 10-point scale from 1 (not annoyed) to 10 (highly annoyed) for each nuisance, with a threshold of 8.
Results: The main finding was that active travel mode users experienced greater annoyance, whatever the nuisance than motorized users.
Conclusions: The least polluting are the most annoyed. These results are very interesting. Active travel mode users help improve air quality, alleviate traffic congestion and minimize the risk of road-accidents, as well as improving their own health. In a context in which active travel modes and public transport are being promoted, active travellers might be protected against such annoyance, liable to hinder the development of such a practice.
