Maria del Populo Pablo-Romero, Beatriz Palaces-Florencio , Javier Sánchez-Rivas (p)

Tomoyasu Tanaka

Tourism is an important economic activity in the international context. Recent studies have shown that this activity generates economic growth and promotes the creation of employment. However, the growth of tourism activity also has negative effects on the environment, since it generates CO2 emissions, fundamentally due to energy consumption. The need to control CO2 emissions to combat climate change and global warming has generated an incipient stream of studies that analyze the impact of economic growth associated with tourism on CO2 emissions and energy consumption. However, to date, the studies carried out seem to be disconnected and it seems that they are emerging without one or several clear lines that allow drawing the reality of the analyzed effects. From the review of all the studies carried out up to the current date on this topic and published in JCR, Scopus and other journals accessible through Google Scholar, this article analyzes the studies carried out so far, identifying the different branches of study and determining the gaps that remain to be explored. Although it is a line of research that has grown strongly in the last two or three years, there are still few studies carried out.

Tomoyasu Tanaka (p)

Javier Sánchez-Rivas García

In the latter half of the 1990s and early 2000s, mergers of municipalities were actively carried out in Japan, and the number of municipalities decreased to about half. Sewerage operators which is owned by municipal governments are no exception, consolidation has been promoted along with municipal merger. Recently, a lot of sewerage operators have problems about aging of sewer facilities, decrease of staff, reduction of revenue from sewage charge and so on and it is getting difficult for sewerage operators to manage like the same as before. Therefore, Japanese government promotes wide-area consolidation of sewerage operators to solve these problems. It is thought that wide-area consolidation is a mean to aim for efficient operation.
Under these circumstances, in this paper, we analyze the effect of wide-area consolidation of sewerage operators. We examine whether or not wide-area consolidation contributes to productivity increase of sewerage operators. Firstly, we construct the panel dataset from FY2002 to FY2016 including consolidated and non-consolidated sewerage operators. Secondly, we calculate total factor productivity (TFP) of sewerage operator using the panel dataset. Finally, we examine whether or not wide-area consolidation has a positive impact on total factor productivity (TFP). Through these analyses, we verify the effectiveness of wide-area consolidation in sewerage industry.

Jésus Manuel De Sancha Navarro (p), María Dolores Oliver-Alfonso , Juan Lara Rubio

Javier Sánchez-Rivas García

Flamenco is a musical genre which, according to the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE), can be defined as certain sociocultural manifestations generally associated with the gypsy people, and which has special roots in Andalusia. This musical genre was declared intangible heritage by UNESCO on 16 November, 2010 in Nairobi (Kenya).
Focusing on the economics of flamenco, we concur with Ortega (2006) who states that the importance of flamenco in all its meanings is undeniable in the development of Andalusia’s cultural industry, and is key to Spain’s image overseas, being an exportable product. In addition, a study carried out by the Ministry of Tourism confirms that flamenco is one of the main motivations for visiting Andalusia, with the most attractive being singing and dancing (Turismo Andaluz, 2004). Flamenco is thus inextricably linked to Andalusian culture. Seville, where our empirical work was carried out, is one of the main centres for its development, and is where there has been sustained growth recently in terms of its supply (Palma et al. al., 2017).
The analysis of the work we present, from the demand standpoint, is framed within a quantitative approach using the survey method. For this, we first designed a questionnaire and then selected the sample, in accordance with the data offered by the latest available University of Seville statistical yearbook (2014-15). Subsequently, an artificial neural network of the Multilayer Perceptrom type was used, a non-parametric model with a better performance than the parametric techniques (logit, probit, etc.).
The objective of this research is twofold: to identify the explanatory factors of the intention of the youngest to attend flamenco, and to elaborate a series of proposals that help to boost their consumption, favoring the sustainability of Flamenco as a cultural economy. Among the results, we highlight that one of the main issues influencing attendance is human and cultural capital.
This work may be interesting for cultural programmers, who try to estimate and predict a minimum level of attendance to their shows, in order to achieve the economic-financial sustainability of them.

Genoveva Dancausa Millán, Inmaculada Crespo Morán, Genoveva Millán Vázquez de la Torre, Javier Sánchez-Rivas (p)

Jesús Manuel De Navarro

Cordoba is a heritage city located in the south of Spain, has four recognitions by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, of which three refer to the material heritage (The "Mosque" recognized in 1984, (Unesco, 1984) , the "Historic Center of the City" (Unesco, 1994), the "Archaeological Site of Medina Azahara" (2018)) and one that is intangible heritage ("the Festival of the Patios" (2012)). With this rich cultural heritage this city is a potential tourist destination, in the segment of cultural tourism. The “patio” as a material part of the house and social area of expansion in certain houses has been evolving from the Roman era to the present, becoming an element of tourist attraction since its inclusionof the “Festival Patios of Córdoba” (FPC) in the Representative List of Intangible Heritage of Humanity (LRPI), promoted by UNESCO, in December 2012 has been a milestone in the celebration of a popular holiday conditioned both by the habitat that welcomes it, the “patios houses” located in the historic center of Córdoba, as for the way of life of those who generate this celebration, the inhabitants of these patio houses. A way of life-habitus- closely linked, in turn, to said habitat.

The patio has generated a growing tourist interest awakened in both national and international markets. This fact implicitly carries with it a responsibility that affects both the organizer of the competition that has retained the Festival during the last eighty years, the town hall, and the generators of the cultural dynamics that make it possible, the inhabitants of patio houses. Currently, the Festival is subject to two tensions: the intense tourist activity that is generated during the days of its celebration in May, and the safeguarding and protection measures that aim to preserve and maintain the heritage resource so as not to exhaust, precisely, its interest tourist. The coordination of these two forces, apparently opposed, should be the objective of those who intend to assume the role of promoter of a management plan of the FPC, since it is, precisely, the capacity of the site to develop a good management tool the aspect in the one that UNESCO puts more emphasis to maintain the inclusion of the good in the LRPI.

In this work we will focus on the Patios Festival and its sustainability from the point of view of the Offer, surveying the managers and owners thereof.

Javier Sánchez-Rivas García (p), María Pablo-Romero , Inmaculada Crespo Morán

Jesús Manuel De Navarro

With the exhaustion or saturation of traditional tourism typologies such as sun and beach tourism, new tourism alternatives based on experiences and sensations have been developed since the beginning of the 21st century (Carballo et al., 2015). All this is encouraged by an important effort of the different national administrations to develop economic activities that allow the sustainability of the rural populations, and thus avoid the exodus to the cities (MAGRAMA, 2017).

On the other hand, from the budgetary management bodies and allocation of grants and subsidies of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (Ministry of Tourism, 2014) is working in the framework 2015-2020 to seek the development of tertiary activities in the environments agricultural sectors susceptible to being beneficiaries of public transfers to production, thus achieving a greater generation of employment and wealth in primary holdings.

In this sense, tourist activities related to the collection, grinding, tasting, etc. are being developed. of the olive or the grape, key products of the gastronomy and therefore, of that new tourist typology of experiences and sensations. Wine tourism represents an important weight in gastronomy tourism, and it is consolidating as a considerable reason that drives the consumer to travel.

In this work, qualitative and quantitative analysis of tourism demand related to enology for the national territory is analyzed, specifically the case of the Denomination of Origin Montilla-Moriles, making special mention of the available economic data, especially the hotel offer of the region.

The objectives that are established are the deepening in this recent tourism typology as a sustainable alternative to the traditional ones, as well as the economic characterization of it. From these, a methodology based on the preparation of a qualitative situation analysis of the demand and registration of the figures of the main economic indicators related to the available data is established. A “DAFO” analysis is also established for the destination of the Wine Route in the Montilla-Moriles Denomination of Origin. Finally, a series of conclusions are established.

With the different results obtained, it can be concluded, among other considerations, that this tourism typology still has a path of development and consolidation, since the vast majority of the wineries that are part of the Denomination of Origin Montilla-Moriles, lack the processes, qualified personnel, tools, facilities and incentives necessary to attend, from a supply point of view, to the growing demand related to wine tourism.