Ian Shuttleworth (p), John Osth , Marina Toger

John Östh

The increasing availability of phone data means that it is possible to assess the mobility and interactions of people in different places on a variety of geographical and temporal scales. This presentation extends earlier work in this tradition that considered spatial segregation in Swedish cities (Östh et al 2018) by looking at the mobility experiences of phones originating from different types of home area by income, ethnicity, and housing type. The substantive context of the work is simple: social unrest in some parts of Swedish cities has been attributed to marginalisation, social exclusion, and spatial isolation just as have similar events in other countries. The presentation therefore seeks to explore whether phones from locales with high degrees of social deprivation, high concentrations of ethnic minority populations, or recent experiences of unrest behave differently on average than phones from more affluent neighbourhoods. The hypothesis to be tested is whether individuals from these areas are less spatially mobile than their peers in other types of place. The analysis, besides assessing average behaviour for different places, also considers heterogeneity in daily mobilities to compare the distribution of daily distances travelled by individuals from less affluent places with those from more affluent locales so as to look at variation between people as well as places. The results on mobility are related to various social, demographic and political indicators to test whether mobility (and immobility) work in the ways which are often assumed.

Liv Osland (p), John Östh , Viggo Nordvik

John Östh

Hedonic house price models have long been used to improve our understanding of determinants of house prices and their market valuations. In recent years, rich registers containing detailed accounts of home-qualities, location, views, etc. has successfully been coupled with spatial qualities such job-accessibility, distances to transport facilities, cultural institutions and similar, which has increased the explanatory power of the models. However, additional open data sources provided by Open data communities, NGOs, data created by governmental agencies on regional, national and international level are being more or less used. In addition, recent methodological advances in GIS and spatial analysis have not extensively been employed in the development of hedonic price models. The availability of data means that one may integrate more complex patterns in the models, describing the spatial structure of amenities and opportunities surrounding individual buildings. In this paper we expand the hedonic price modelling toolbox with spatial measures describing access to restaurants, cultural amenities and services. In addition, measures describing the view-shed, and more varied measures of access and qualities of green and blue amenities will be employed.

Marina Toger (p), Jan Amcoff (p), John Östh

John Östh

In many post-industrialized countries the urbanization peaked in the middle of the 20th century during, a period distinguished by sprawling urban areas and Modernist town planning. However, the urban milieus built during that period were heavily criticized already 50-60 years ago for disregarding the needs of pedestrian citizen and homogeneous use patterns. Although the planning ideals have changed, empirical knowledge on how does the urban physical and legal environment affect urban liveability is still limited. This is the focus of the present study. We use mobility data, provided by a major Swedish mobile phone operator, to discern different spatial patterns of life. Some parts of cities show mixed kinds of diurnal and weekly behaviour (quick visits, stays of several hours, or overnight), whereas others may show more homogenous patterns. Various urban environment types are detected using the density and size of parcels, land use, land cover and presence and density of amenities (retail, restaurants, entertainment, etc.) and compared to mobility behaviours characteristic to them. The study presents correlations between urban morphology and mobility patterns of people using them.

Olivier Bonin (p), Pierre Frankhauser , Xavier Lehmann

John Östh

To identify the quality of access to different types of commercial activities on a territory, we rely on needs theory that establishes a link between basic needs in an anthropological sense and their satisfaction related here to the facilities (services, businesses) that correspond to them. To this end, we studied a large number of urban planning documents and we confronted them to the terrain reality.

It can be seen that the French planning documents introduce a hierarchy of needs often assigned to attendance (daily, weekly, rare...). Access is considered either through physical distances or through a time-distance. It is also possible to associate the recommended modes of transport (soft mode, public transport, car) according to the category of purchase.

The documents also provide information on the relationship between the presence of services/commercial businesses and the size of the population to be served. This makes it possible to review the access distances, but also to know the shopping areas necessary to make an establishment profitable. A territorial diagnosis is thus possible to highlight equipment deficiencies.

Moreover, interesting information is available on the land use of shops and services, as well as figures on indirect land consumption. This corresponds to the reception capacities proportional to the size of the equipment (car parks, access roads) according to the number of potential users, which refers to the barge areas.

Another aspect concerns the generation of local jobs by services and businesses. The documents provide information on the number of jobs by class of trade as well as the area per job that can be made consistent with the indications on land ownership.

We were able to confront this theoretical information to extensive data about commercial amenities extracted from the SIRENE database. All commercial activities are described and can be geolocalised at the address, giving the possibility to assess the strength and weakness of territories as far as access to local commercial amenities is concerned.