Tuzin Baycan , Aysun Aygun (p)

Tourism is one of the sectors difficult to assess the impacts of climate change due to uncertainty and complexity of expected tourism demand reactions. Tourism sector is likely to be strongly affected by climate change due to the dependency of tourist activities on weather conditions as well as tourist perceptions and reactions to the impacts of climate change. Direct or indirect impacts of climate change such as increasing temperatures, rising sea levels, decreasing snow cover are likely to lead a shift in tourism demand and in today’s popular tourism destinations. This paper aims at modeling the impacts of climate change on the tourism sector and presents a case study focusing on the impacts of climate change on tourism in Turkey, where the tourism sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Being located in the Mediterranean Basin, Turkey is one of the most vulnerable countries to the climate change while tourism is the rising economic sector in the meantime for the country in terms of both winter and summer tourism activities. In order to assess the impacts of climate change on tourism sector, this paper focuses on spatial variations in climate change, linking physical and economic impacts, and modeling societal responses to climate change. The impacts are analyzed by modeling the relationship between climatic conditions and tourism demand and estimating the future demand by considering climate scenarios. Tourism Climate Index (TCI) is used to assess the impacts of future weather conditions on tourism demand. By applying a range of climate scenario data to the empirically estimated relationship between weather/climate conditions and tourism demand, the paper highlights the decline or increase of specific tourism markets and seasonal shifts in tourism demand and the potential direct and indirect impacts of the climate change on the regions' tourism industries.

Dimitris Karagiannis (p), Theodore Metaxas

Tourism has become an important global economic and leisure activity and food is a crucial element in destination branding and experience. Numerous promotional activities, including food experience are engaged in order to attract more tourists and improve their satisfaction. If a destination manages to identify and satisfy the needs and wants of tourists, these tourists will probably make repeat visits and spread positive word of mouth publicity. Food is a powerful tool that involves all human senses and can assist to tourists’ satisfaction at a destination. Measuring tourist satisfaction plays an important role in marketing tourism products and services. In recent years, researchers have discussed the close relationships among the psychological variables, such as motivation, attitude, perception, and satisfaction. Therefore, it is worthwhile to use these variables to study about tourists’ behavior. Specifically; perception is the process by which the sensations are selected, organized, and interpreted. Robbins (2005) defines perception as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. The tourists perceive the taste, quality, and nature through their five senses and perception may be different from tourist to tourist. Furthermore, sensation refers to the immediate response of the human sensory receptors, i.e. eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin to basic stimuli such as sights, sounds, smells, taste, and feelings. When visitors consume products, such as local food and services, associatively they compare the actual situation with their buying expectation. Consequently, the perceived service quality may directly affect tourists’ satisfaction. Based on tourists’ attitudes and perception on what they have seen, consumed, and experienced, they develop their satisfaction or dissatisfaction about their holiday spending, which is crucial for the future economic and leisure activity of a tourism destination. The purpose of this paper is a twofold. First, to examine the relationship between, food, destination attribute importance & performance, travel motivation and satisfaction, as potential influences to tourism development. Second, an attempt to compare some of the major measurements of satisfaction research models and frameworks (instruments) that have been developed to identify and measure tourists’ satisfaction, related to a destination and its food.
KEYWORDS: Food Tourism, Perception, Motivation, Customer Satisfaction, Tourism Development

Jie Zhang (p), Anne-Mette Nielsen

Demand for coastal and maritime tourism activities is increasing, this type of tourism receives a wide interest alongside with its contribution to the local economies. Many maritime countries in the EU have seen maritime tourism as the potential driver to regional growth, giving its branding as so-called “Blue Economy”.
This paper focuses on the methodologies of compiling coastal and maritime tourism data, where a tourism satellite accounts is made for the coastal and maritime tourism activities. Giving the definition for the coastal and maritime tourism and based on the available data by difference data sources, it is possible to estimate the size of maritime tourism revenue. Supply for the coastal and maritime tourism is mapping by the tourism branches within the 3 kilometer zones along the coast. The estimation for the tourism demand applied “clustering method”. The K-mean clustering method is applied, which gives the opportunity to group data points (in this case municipalities with similar tourism traits). Three cluster are chosen to be controlled by geographical location, tourism density and nationality.
The regional and socioeconomic effects of coastal and maritime tourism have a significant impact on the Danish economy and it represents 37 pct. of the total tourism revenue in Denmark. The direct effects of coastal and maritime tourism provide 22,766 jobs and 9,972 million DKK in gross value added to the Danish economy. At a socioeconomic level, coastal and maritime tourism creates 11,398.73 million DKK in total to the tax revenue. The direct effects of the coastal and maritime tourism lead to great positive derived effects to the rest of the society. The total employment creation is 32,537 jobs and total income is 16,491 million DKK, with a positive employment multiplier of 1.43 and a positive value added multiplier of 1.65.