Amir Borges Ferreira Neto (p), Lukas Kuld, Sara Mitchell

Daniele Crotti

Florida (2002) argues that the presence and concentration of cultural and artistic occupations (or bohemians) attracts highly skilled, creative individuals, facilitates innovation and entrepreneurship, and drives economic growth. Extensive research has emerged over the last two decades testing these hypotheses, and results provide mixed evidence (Markusen and Gadwa, 2010; Noonan, 2013). We argue that this bohemian label is a misnomer, as those working in cultural and artistic occupations have historically included both bohemians and bourgeoisie. As such, there could be substantial heterogeneity in the within-city patterns of location and clustering within cultural and artistic occupations, as well as patterns of co-location with other industries. In this paper, estimate the concentration and co-location of creative occupations on within-city level following Logan and Parman (2017) We are able to determine how creative co-location patterns vary across city size, region, and urban density, as well as how these patterns shifted over time as the cultural and artistic industries became more professionalized.

Daniele Crotti (p)

Elvina Merkaj

Lakes are a precious part of recreational and leisure activities, given the natural heritage they are surrounded by. Lake tourism can be functional-social, aesthetic, symbolic, and cultural, but those dimensions are connected to decisions about transport modes for intra-destination travels. According to slow travelling, unimodal cycling (i.e., using only bike over multiple days) might preserve environments and have an intimate contact with recreational places. In terms of close contact between humans and natural landscapes, is there a positive linkage between unimodal cycling and lake destinations? Are there moderation effects? This is the first study on cycling unimodality in lake tourism. In this research, Italy is used as a long-tradition case study in terms of lake destinations. This paper aspires to contribute to the growing literature on cycling tourists’ attitudes, and it focuses on the choice of visiting destinations by using bike only. Primary data from a national survey conducted in 2023 are used. The paper first aims to investigate the direct link between unimodal cycling and lake tourism. To investigate moderators, the role of well-recognized attributes for bike tourism is considered, such as accessibility, attractions, amenities, and complementary services. Control variables include socio-demographics and travel-related factors. Probit response models with interaction terms are used to test the hypothesis of direct and moderated effects. The main finding is that unimodal cycling is positively and directly linked to lake tourism. Yet, we also detected moderation effects of tourism attributes. Reinforcement effects are due to the importance given to road networks, natural heritage sites, and quality of overnight lodging, while attenuation effects are related to tourists demanding bike-related services. From a destination management point of view, this study contributes to the understanding of the role of unimodal cycling in sustainable tourism and opens up further research on lake ecosystems allowing bike tourists to experience natural and low-impact travels.

Barbara Ermini, Fabio Fiorillo, Elvina Merkaj (p), Raffaella Santolini

Elisabetta Ottoz

Abstract
The National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) represents a pivotal economic policy instrument within the broader framework of the European Union's Next Generation EU initiative, aimed at fostering economic recovery and resilience across member states. Italy, as the principal recipient of NRRP funds, is at the forefront of leveraging this unprecedented financial support to drive national transformation, reduce structural and regional disparities, and promote inclusive economic growth. By investing in critical services and infrastructure, the Italian government seeks to enhance the well-being of local communities, particularly through direct municipal engagement. Given the extensive public policy implications, a rigorous evaluation of the allocation and impact of NRRP funds is crucial to ensure efficiency, equity, and effectiveness in achieving stated objectives.
Despite the significance of this intervention, a comprehensive impact assessment of NRRP funding remains absent, primarily due to the unavailability of systematic data. To address this gap, this study proposes a methodological framework centered on a survey-based data collection approach targeting municipalities across Italy. The objective is to assess the NRRP’s influence on three key dimensions: (a) modernization of public administration, (b) territorial development, and (c) individual well-being. Furthermore, the study will explore the challenges municipalities encounter in implementing NRRP projects, shedding light on administrative, financial, and governance-related constraints that may hinder the effective execution of planned initiatives.
The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative insights from municipal stakeholders. This approach will enable a multidimensional evaluation of NRRP's effectiveness in driving structural transformation at the local level. The findings will contribute to the broader policy discourse by providing evidence-based recommendations for optimizing fund allocation, enhancing administrative capacity, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of investments.
In conclusion, this study represents a critical step toward establishing an empirical basis for evaluating large-scale public investment programs such as the NRRP. By systematically assessing its impact on administrative modernization, regional development, and social well-being, the research aims to provide policymakers with actionable insights to enhance governance, improve fund utilization, and maximize the socio-economic benefits of NRRP interventions. This study underscores the necessity for ongoing data-driven evaluations to inform future resilience and recovery strategies within Italy and beyond.

elisabetta ottoz (p), Lisa Sella, Francesca Rota

Amir Borges Ferreira Neto

In the last decades, several scholars and policymakers have focused on the opportunities and risks of the night economy. A vibrant night scene is vital to the urban economy, stimulating commercial activities, jobs, and investments. Moreover, it has proved to be a powerful lever of tourism, attractiveness, and regeneration. Nevertheless, the night economy is also a complex, contradictory phenomenon. Night-time recreational activities tend, in fact, to cluster in specific areas within the urban fabric, the so-called Movida neighborhoods, determining tensions with residents. These neighborhoods are thus extensively studied because of their contribution to the creative economy and the conflicts accompanying them in terms of alcohol abuse, foulness, vandalism, criminality, noise violations, and disturbance of public peace. Institutional, social, and cultural contributions represent the majority of the literature on the night economy. In contrast, little attention is paid to its quantification in terms of local units, employees, and turnover and the dynamic analysis of its effects on the sectoral diversification of the local economy. The paper aims to fill this gap assuming the cities of Turin and Milan Movida quartiers (Italy) as case study. Using data from Istat database ASIA at years 2018 and 2022 the paper runs an economic analysis of how the night economy changed composition and dimension in the pre- and post-covid period, classifying the local units according to both the type of service they provide and their opening time.