Francesco Viviani (p), Claudia Ferretti, Chiara Agnoletti, Chiara Bocci, Sabrina Iommi

Matteo Beghelli

The rapid spread of short-term rentals, especially through the Airbnb platform, has produced significant impacts on urban contexts, provoking widespread concern and sparking significant public and policy debates. One of the central issues lies in the conflict with permanent residency, both in qualitative terms (e.g., noise level, perceived insecurity) and quantitative terms (e.g., rising in residential property values and a reduction in the already limited supply of long-term rental housing). The impact of these externalities — whether positive or negative — varies. On the one hand, neighborhood livability may decline, potentially depressing property values, while, on the other hand, heightened demand for short-term rental properties may intensify housing affordability issues by driving up residential costs. These increasing emergence of spillover effects has placed cities, especially those where this type of offer is particularly prominent, in front of new regulatory challenges.
By analyzing a panel dataset for ten Italian cities, from 2012 to 2022, and employing a mixed effect model, findings reveal that, even in the Italian context, there is a positive and significant relationship between the presence of Airbnb and real estate market prices. This relationship is even more pronounced in historic city centers than in the suburbs and especially in cities that are highly attractive for both cultural and business reasons, compared to in cities specialized mainly in cultural tourism.
Moreover, the study highlights how the presence of a more organized, entrepreneurial supply — evident from the number of listings managed by the same entity (multi-host) — shows a greater impact on property prices compared to short-term rentals managed by individual hosts.

Matteo Beghelli (p)

Nicola Camatti

The purpose of this work is, firstly, to provide a determination of the magnitude of the tourism sharing economy phenomenon and its various components for an Italian tourism destination. The second goal is to evaluate the relationship between the tourist sharing economy (or sharing hospitality) and the hospitality managed professionally in terms of direct / indirect competition. Furthermore, the analysis of the turnover associated with different types of accommodations that can be booked on portals will lead to the evaluation of the percentage of "core sharing" in the business of the portals and to an esteem of new tourist flows generated by these tools. The updating of these issues was framed in the situation experienced by the tourism sector following the outbreak of the CoVid-19 and the second year of pandemic. The work therefore also questions the - contrasting - effects of the CoVid-19 on sharing hospitality. An in-depth analysis was carried out on Airbnb which, although not the only active portal in the area analyzed, is generally considered to be the one capable of developing the greatest traffic for the tourist facilities present therein. The analysis shows that, typically, only 20% of the turnover recorded by Airbnb in the metropolitan area of Bologna can be associated with the "pure" sharing economy, while the remaining 80% has different degrees of professional management which, in many cases, undermine the peer-to-peer relationship of the transaction established between the parties involved. Of this 80% of turnover, while 44% is associated with facilities that can be considered in direct competition with hotels, 36% is made up of tourist accommodations which, to varying degrees, play an indirect competition with hotels, thus activating new tourist flows to the destination's area. While this abstract is being presented, the analysis is being updated and expanded using the most recent data. The work also investigates the various consequences of the spread of tourist sharing in urban and extra-urban areas, highlighting the risk of displacement of habitual inhabitants from the most touristic parts of the cities and the permanent destination of the latter at the service of mass tourism, resulting in adverse social reactions.
In the moment this abstract is presented, a complete revisiting of the work is undergoing to integrate new data-set.

Nicola Camatti (p), Michele Bettin, Emma Magistri

Khalid W. A. Shomali

The research on tourism carrying capacity seeks to comprehend the adverse effects exerted by overwhelming tourist pressure on a destination's resources. The primary goal is to foster the development of effective response strategies to support more sustainable tourism. However, the implementation of these strategies often faces challenges, leading to the frequent imposition of difficult-to-enforce limits on tourist flows. This necessitates the exploration of alternative and more adaptable approaches. This study aims to underscore the significance of a data-driven approach in identifying crucial pressure points. These points, referred to as bottlenecks, are systematically evaluated through the segmentation of the tourism subsystem and the analysis of various visitor types. This method provides a more precise and detailed understanding of tourist flows, guiding the formulation of intervention strategies prioritizing adaptability and optimization of tourist resources over rigid flow limitations. Three case studies are examined within their systemic context, utilizing a carrying capacity scenario simulator and a predefined set of indicators. The results highlight the effectiveness of adopting soft policies to address excessive tourism pressure, without the need for stringent measures and significant infrastructure investments.

Khalid W. A. Shomali (p)

Francesco Viviani

This paper estimates the effect of tourists' inflows on the economic performance of the accommodation sector in Italy between the years 2015-2023 on a provincial level (NUTS3). The economic performance is measured by indicators such as revenues, profits, EBITDA , labor costs
(per dependent) and number of employees. Our main explanatory variable is the share of tourists in the provinces, where we distinguish between tourists from developed countries and developing countries.
Data on tourism are drawn from ISTAT and data on the economic indicators are drawn from AIDA database. The empirical strategy is based on the comparison between the OLS and instrumental variable (IV) approach, as we test for potential endogeneity. The instrument we create is based on the shift-share methodology, typically employed in the immigration studies. The results show a positive and significant correlation between tourism and the revenues, profits, EBITDA as well as labor costs of the hospitality sector. The major novelty of this study is the application of the shift-share instrument methodology to tackle potential endogeneity of the inflows of tourists when considering economic outcomes.