Emilia Bogacka (p)

Carlo Caporali

Poland is one the least gay-friendly countries in Europe and the least gay-friendly country in the European Union. LGBT+ people struggle with not-supporting laws which do not equalize them with non-LGBT+ people (ILGA Europe). Social acceptance of LGBT+ people in Poland is much lower than the average for the European Union (Eurobarometer on Discrimination 2019). All of this makes a difficult situation for LGBT+ people in Poland, especially for their safety and victimization.
The study focuses on the safety perceptions and victimization of LGBT+ people in public (e.g., streets, parks, squares, etc.) and private (e.g., own flat/house) places in Poznań, Poland.
The research was carried out on the basis of empirical material obtained from questionnaires addressed to LGBT+ and non-LGBT+ people from Poznań, Poland. The survey was conducted online in 2021/2022. I received 282 questionnaires. Having non-LGBT+ people respondents allowed to compare safety perceptions and victimization of the two groups.

Davide Luca (p), Neil Lee, Andrew McNeil, Zhiwu Wei

Emilia Bogacka

In contrast to the conservative values of rural populations, cities are often seen as bulwarks of liberal, progressive values. This urban-rural divide in values has become one of the major fault lines in western democracies, underpinning major political events of the last decade, not least the election of Donald Trump in the US, or the Gillet Jaunes protests in France. Yet, there is wide disagreement about what factors drive differences in outlooks along the urban-rural gap. Are urban-rural differences purely compositional, or does growing up in a large city make individuals more ‘culturally tolerant’ and ‘progressive’? This project draws on Household Panel Surveys across Europe to establish how and why birthplace urban density affects lifelong adult individual economic, social, and political outlooks.

Federica Cappelli, Mariagrazia D'Angeli (p), Valeria Costantini, Giovanni Marin, Elena Paglialunga

Davide Luca

Our empirical work sheds new light on the climate-conflict nexus by investigating why some locations are more likely to engage in armed conflicts than others in the presence of a similar level of exposure to climatic changes. In particular, we focus our analysis on the concept of vulnerability to both climate change and armed conflicts and, accordingly, on the identification of a specific set of factors that enhance vulnerability of some shares of the population at the local level. We employ a Spatial Autoregressive Model to capture the spatial and context-specific dimension of vulnerability factors in driving the climate-conflict nexus in East Africa. Results from our analysis provide some interesting insights: first, we find that climate change does not increase conflict risk \textit{per se}, but only in the presence of pre-existing vulnerabilities. Second, in line with the literature on climate change vulnerability, we find that socioeconomic factors play a key role in the climate-conflict nexus. In particular, vulnerability is enhanced whenever power is not distributed in such a way as to ensure an equitable distribution of resources.

Carlo Caporali (p), Daria Denti, Alessandra Faggian

Mariagrazia D'Angeli

This paper aims to investigate the social, economic, and environmental factors related to the presence of Intimate Partner Femicide in a given geographical area. The study focuses on the Italian metropolitan areas and is based on a unique dataset of geo-referenced data on femicide from 2012 to 2020. Our strategy relies on a two-step inquiry, developed through a Probit model and a consequent OLS (fixed effects) estimation. We also include a set of robustness checks through the implementation of Zero Inflated Negative Binomial regressions to counter the effect of the over-representation of zeroes across the geographical unit of analysis. The research is based on the analysis of municipality-level data and aims to identify the key factors that contribute to the occurrence of femicide in these areas. The study aims at contributing to the literature on intimate partner violence by providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors that are associated with femicide in the Italian metropolitan context. While still a work in progress, this paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the main factors identified by the literature, which main findings are - so far - confirmed.