Iman Dahr, Zineb El Kadiri (p), Eduardo Amaral Haddad

Ofir Rubin

In recent years, Morocco has experienced a significant economic growth rate, with a steady rise in the country’s GDP. However, this growth has also come with an increase in carbon emissions, as industrialization and production have intensified. To address this issue, policymakers are focusing on mitigating the country’s carbon footprint while sustaining economic growth. This paper contributes to this effort by evaluating the impact of Moroccan domestic absorption and foreign exports on CO2 emissions. Using the latest interregional input-output table for the country, we perform hypothetical extraction simulations to evaluate the impacts of each region’s economic structure in terms of CO2 emissions. We find that regions with high emissions intensities, such as Casablanca and Tangier, have a more significant impact on CO2 emissions than regions with lower intensities. We also find that foreign exports have a significant impact on emissions, as they generate a considerable amount of CO2 in the production process. On the other hand, domestic absorption has a comparatively lesser impact on CO2 emissions, as the consumption of goods and services produces fewer emissions compared to their production. Thus, this study adds to the research on emissions by mapping the recent production-based contributions of the Moroccan economy in terms of its regions and their impacts on emissions. The findings suggest that policymakers should focus on reducing emissions in the production of goods and promoting sustainable development through eco-friendly technologies. Our research also highlights the need for continued monitoring and evaluation of CO2 emissions in Morocco to develop effective policies and strategies for mitigating the country’s carbon footprint while maintaining economic growth.



JEL: Q54

Keywords: Morocco, Interregional Input-Output Analysis, C02 Emissions, Foreign Exports, Domestic Absorption



 

Jose Riascos, Sabine Bacouël-Jentjens, Grégory Levieuge, Camelia Turcu (p)

José Lúcio

This paper aims to analyze the role of energy transition metals (ETM) in the development of regions, in Latin America countries, conditional on the local quality of institutions. As an increase in the demand of ETM is expected in line with the energy transition needs, several countries, ETM producers, may profit from the bonanza or, on the contrary, may fall into a natural resources curse. We aim to identify these effects at a disaggregated level. To do this, we construct and use an original dataset on 18 Latin American countries, at regional level, employing geo-localized data on the ETM mines locations. We also build a new regional index of the quality of institutions. We find that ETM do not have a direct impact on regional growth, rather its effect is conditional to the quality of institutions.

Manuel De Maya Matallana (p)

Camelia Turcu

The objective of this work is to analyze the objective well-being and multidimensional sustainability in 63 Spanish cities using a battery of socioeconomic indicators corresponding to eleven dimensions: demography, labor market, economic conditions, environment, health, security, housing, family, culture, citizen participation and, finally, human capital.
Additionally, emphasis will be placed on the concept of balanced multidimensional development to have a more reliable vision of well-being, trying to eliminate the compensatory effect that some dimensions perform on others, to achieve an integral development where all dimensions of well-being are minimally represented. Finally, the impact on the different dimensions of objective well-being and sustainability is analyzed by the size of cities and per capita income, obtaining indicators to make a typology of cities according to their size (median, less than 100,000 inhabitants; those ranging between one hundred and four hundred thousand; between four hundred thousand people and one million; and, finally, the metropolises, which exceed one million inhabitants, having two in the Spanish case in this last interval).
Unlike other studies, it is obtained as the main result of this article that the levels of objective happiness are lower in large cities on average, with greater well-being in historic inland cities than in coastal ones. Consequently, if the proportion of the population lives in large cities is gaining weight, where the target level of well-being is lower than that corresponding to cities with less than one hundred thousand inhabitants, we are witnessing a process of continuous decline in the well-being of Spanish citizens.
The excessive population density of some Spanish cities is having a negative impact on their levels of well-being and sustainability, so it would be convenient to recover the medium-sized Spanish inland cities, less crowded, which would also help the recovery of "inland rural Spain" or "emptied Spain” and would take advantage of their important role as the backbone of the territory. The aim is to avoid environmental risks and socio-economic inequalities between inland and coastal cities since Spain is a sparsely populated country with a highly concentrated population.

Guillermo Peña (p), Miguel Puente-Ajovín, Marcos Sanso-Navarro, Fernando Sanz-Gracia, María Vera-Cabello

Manuel De Maya Matallana

There is a recent trend in studying the city size distribution measuring it both in demographic and in economic terms. This is an issue that is receiving attention in several countries, mainly because of the depopulation of the country side in many of them. This paper tries to contribute to this literature by exploiting a novel balanced panel data set of income in Spanish municipalities that covers the period 2015-2019. A two-steps procedure is applied. First, we compare the distributions of local population, aggregated nighttime lights and income. Second, we also analyze the determinants of estimated Pareto coefficients at the NUTS-3 level using a dynamic-spatial panel data estimation framework, by estimating System GMM, SAR and SDM models. Our results suggest that population and income are more unevenly distributed than night lights. In addition, we find that socioeconomic variables are able to explain the distribution of economic activity and, especially, population.

Putu Angga Widyastaman (p), Djoni Hartono, Khoirunurrofik, Irfani Fithria Ummul Muzayanah

Guillermo Peña

Gentrification is often regarded as a positive phenomenon, which may bring about development and increase of life quality in a region. Due to the government’s urban development policies, such as the new town development and capital city relocation, gentrification process is present throughout Indonesia’s urban and rural areas. However, previous studies using data from urban and rural areas from other countries have shown the negative effects of gentrification, particularly on crime. Most of those studies have explored the effect of gentrification on crime through sociological mechanisms, even so the economic theories argued that the effect may be in a reverse direction. Several concerns arise in the construction of econometric specification between gentrification and crime variables. First, endogeneity problems may potentially harm the estimation result if not handled correctly. These problems include measurement error of the gentrification variable, reverse causality between gentrification and crime, and sorting issue, which is a common problem in the field of urban studies. To control for these problems, instrumental variable technique will be used to reduce the degree of biases. Second, several previous studies argued that gentrification and crime may have spatial effects; the neighbour value of the gentrification and crime variable may affect crime level of an observation. Previous studies very often overlooked these spatial effects. Therefore, the present research aims to estimate the effect of gentrification on crime in Indonesia, considering both the economic and sociological mechanism behind them and the methodological problems. This research proposes a spatial 2-SLS specification using data from Indonesia’s national socio-economic survey and village potential data to address related potential methodological issues, specifically endogeneity and spatial effects.

José Lúcio (p), Bruno Marques, Nuno Moita

Putu Angga Widyastaman

The purpose of this communication is to present a theoretical approach and a first perspective to what may be a prefiguring strategy, at the same time reflective and at the other time operational, of place marketing for the territory of the municipality of Palmela. In this way, the main objectives for communication are established, on the one hand, to proceed to a summary of the state of the art with regard to territorial marketing and, on the other hand, to define an operational framework, including a set of initiatives for the action, for a future multidimensional strategy, to promote the territory of the municipality of Palmela. Due to its territorial characteristics, Palmela offers a motivating framework for the domain of marketing applied to the geographical space. By combining typical elements of an urban / industrial society, (both with regard to the types of space occupation, and with regard to social experiences and the most significant accumulation model), with the still dominant presence of a rural world, namely in the central and southern areas of the municipality, Palmela is an interesting field of analysis, in the context of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, for strategies that promote and enhance endogenous resources. Palmela is the largest municipality in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and still holds a vast non-urban territory, where rural features still represents a strong element of the landscape. In terms of the structure of the paper, we will divide our work into three fundamental parts: at first, and using studies developed by foreign and national authors such as Philip Kotler, Sérgio Marques, Sophie Patrício or Ricardo Rosa, we will carry out a theoretical research of concepts, objectives and contents of territorial marketing analyzes. In a second step, we will present, in a succinct way, the essential features of the territory of the Municipality of Palmela, in order, to establish (in the last part of our paper) the bases for a territorial promotion strategy of the municipality in question. In terms of sources of information, and in addition to studies, statistical bases and work already carried out by the municipality in the strategic domain, we will use a set of interviews with actors with influence, interest and participation in the development of the territory of Palmela. This way, the analysis presented in this communication should allow a first approach to a range of basic issues associated with the possible definition of“Territorial Brand”.