Jhorland Ayala-garcía (p)

Ricardo Bustillo

Quantifying the impact of supply shocks on global commodity trade networks is an increasing concern for researchers under the current threats of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper proposes a novel methodology to estimate these effects across the entire trade network: we create a weight matrix based on an index that captures the extent to which two coffee-producing countries compete within consumer markets. Using this matrix, we estimate the degree to which an adverse weather shock in a coffee-producing country influences the coffee production of its competitors. Our results show that this adverse shock has a negative direct effect on the country’s coffee exports and, importantly, a positive, one-year, lagged effect on the quantities produced by competitors.

María-Ángeles Tobarra (p), Nuria Gómez, Ángela García-Alaminos, Marina Sánchez

Jhorland Ayala-garcía

The objective of this paper is to provide a spatial detail into the impact of domestic and foreign tourism in a particular Spanish region, Castilla-La Mancha, by combining the granularity of tourists’ mobility data based on mobile phones with the calculation of the tourism carbon footprint using a multiregional input output (MRIO) approach. To our knowledge, this is the first instance this type of data is combined with IO data to allocate the carbon footprint spatially by municipality.
Recent studies have focused on analysing the impact of tourism on sustainability from different perspectives (Cai, 2016; Cardenete et al., 2022; Lenzen et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2020). The recent experience due to the pandemic and the lockdown has increased the need for in-depth studies of the consequences of changes to tourism patterns, particularly if this industry is to approach the sustainable goals set in the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism.
Expenditure surveys, such as EGATUR (for foreign tourism) and ETR/FAMILITUR (for domestic tourism), provide data according to different characteristics. Data by the Satellite Tourism Account (STA) bridges the gap between expenditure data from surveys and demand according to national accounts, so we can calculate the carbon footprint for both types of tourism, following the methodology in Cadarso et al (2022). We use a MRIO approach with the FIGARO database for 2020, including data for CO2 emissions. This database also has regional detail, so a more precise calculation can be made using the specific production structure in a particular region, by nesting its IO data within the general model. To obtain our vector of demand, we allocate STA tourism demand to the chosen region from its share in expenditure surveys.
That footprint is, however, not homogenously distributed within the territory. Locations receive vastly different amounts of tourists, from different origins, with varying levels and pattern of spending. From the calculated carbon footprint (including specific regional IO data), number of tourists and nights, spending levels per nationality for foreign tourists from EGATUR and the detailed information on province of origin, level, and pattern for domestic tourists from the ETR/FAMILITUR, we will obtain a carbon footprint per tourist and night (according to their country or province of origin). We will then distribute that impact spatially according to the number of tourists and length of stay in the municipalities that make up the Castilla-La Mancha region from the data on mobile phones.

Ricardo Bustillo (p), Mubinzhon Abduvaliev

María-Ángeles Tobarra

China and the central Asian economies have started enjoying from the opportunity to establish a closer economic link through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which is supposed to favour consumption, infrastructure development, political associations, and the development of sustainable communities worldwide. Always from the standpoint of Central Asian countries, this article shows a preliminary assessment of BRI’s initial growth and development. Additionally, this study aims to examine the impact of BRI on the growth of trade among Central Asian economies along the BRI corridors. In order to achieve this objective, a gravity equation framework has been utilized to assess BRI investment effect on bilateral Central Asian countries trade flows from 2010 onwards.