Carlos Azzoni (p), Rodrigo Moita, Mateus Rodrigues

Eduardo Sanguinet

We examine the effects of the largest meal delivery service on restaurant activity in Brazil from 2014 through 2021. We examine the evolution of employment in the restaurant sector across 790 areas within 12 Brazilian cities, corresponding to 21% of all restaurants in the country. With a rich set of establishment-level data, we compare the job evolution from the moment the restaurant starts delivering meals with the same restaurant before and with restaurants that never delivered meals. Since the delivery adoption is not random, we first use a Probit model to estimate the probability of a restaurant using meal delivery. We then regress the estimated probability as an instrument, together with other exogenous variables. Finally, we use the predicted probability calculated in the second step to estimate equations relating restaurant employment evolution with meal delivery. The estimated net effect is the creation (or preservation) of 1.7 jobs per establishment over the period, resulting from the combination of additional 2.3 jobs for restaurants that delivered meals, with a loss of 0.7 jobs for the comparison group. In aggregate terms, the net effect is the creation (or preservation) of 4,796 jobs in the country as a whole, representing 0.45% of the labor force of the restaurant business in the country.

Eduardo Sanguinet (p), Carlos Azzoni, Augusto Alvim

Carlos Azzoni

Regional natural resource endowment has a significant influence on carbon-based pollution embedded in value chains. This article analyses the relative content of CO2 emissions embedded in regional supply chains in different countries in Latin America. From the perspective of dependence on natural resources, we estimate the contents of natural resource industries value-added and carbon dioxide incorporated in goods interregional and international exports. An inter-regional input-output analysis was applied to trace and map the interplay between resource industries in terms of polluting, revealing a picture of emissions in value chain trade from a subnational dimension. The main result suggests an interregional dependence that implies that resource sectors, generally intense in pollution, generate more CO2 emissions in proportion to the added value generated in each regional economy, which has considerable implications for the sustainable development of these subnational areas.