Masoumeh Ghorbani (p), Fatih Celebioglu

Daniela-Luminita Constantin

Following Becattini (1990), by defining industrial districts as a region populated with common culture and ethic and social solidarity as a distinctive feature over other specialization theories, coming to immigration can be challenging for the future of the districts. Accordingly, the present study based on integration and influence of non-community members in industrial districts has been done a comprehensive, qualitative field study on Lalejin, World Pottery City, located in Iran which above 80 percent of the inhabitants specialized in this respect. The authorities saw this small city in order to do a comprehensive field study using Grounded theory (GT) and have interviews with the local informative agents. Accordingly, the casual condition is categorized in six group of factors: Existence of advertising agents and expansion of local industry market; Existence of necessary factors for production; Special features of the industry; Respond to local needs; Possibility of learning on the spot; Local industry features. And Context factors encompass Context conditions of immigrants as labor; Context conditions of immigrants as producers. In the next step, we identify intervening conditions as they are related to the production system, consumer market, and local business environment which all result in the action or interaction strategy of immigrants to deal with this issue in the industrial district. And at the end the identified consequences have been presented.

Vigile Marie fabella (p), Stefanie Gäbler, Manuela Kauder

Masoumeh Ghorbani

Embankment fires are one of the most common natural hazards that cause unexpected disruptions in railway operations. A route closure due to embankment fires in Germany last on average three hours, which could potentially lead to enormous economic losses. In order to quantify the extent of railway infrastructure vulnerability to embankment fires, this paper estimates the causal effect of forest-fire incidence on railway traffic. Extensive train traffic data across all railway lines of the German Deutsche Bahn AG (DB) are matched with geospatial information on disruptive embankment-fire events between the years 2018 to 2020. Since sparks from passing trains are often the cause of forest fires along the railway tracks, the relationship between embankment fires and railway traffic suffers from reverse causality. We address this by using air temperature, relative humidity and daylight hours as instrumental variables in a two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) estimation. Results suggest that embankment fires have a negative causal effect on daily train traffic. As the risk of forest fires increase due to climate forecasts of intensifying heat waves and longer drought periods, these results can contribute to the valuation of the economic costs of climate change and the resilience of countrywide railway infrastructure to natural hazards.

Attila Buzási (p)

Vigile Marie fabella

Urban sustainability and resilience concerning the negative impacts of climate change are at the forefront of current urban studies. Although these concepts have a pivotal role in developing our cities, moreover, a large and growing body of literature has investigated them; a considerable amount of more or less different methodologies can be found to assess the aspects mentioned above. Hungarian cities are rarely studied regarding urban sustainability and climate resilience based on the limited availability of data and narrow spatial focus. Hence, this study aims to fill the existing literature gap by assessing urban sustainability and heatwave resilience in the most significant Hungarian cities by comparing and mapping the outputs of different applied methodologies regarding the often overlapping concepts. The pool of analyzed urban areas includes all cities with county rights and the districts of Budapest; consequently, the total number of assessed units is 46. The applied sets of indicators include socio-economic valuables based on statistical databases, moreover, various urban environmental and LULC-specific information retrieved from remote sensing data. The results reveal the spatial heterogeneity of the most often applied interpretation frameworks of urban sustainability and resilience; moreover, to draw attention to planning challenges related to the incoherent understanding of those aspects.

Daniela-Luminita Constantin (p)

Attila Buzási

According to 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, making cities and human settlements „inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” represents one of the major goals, pointing out the close relationship between resilience and sustainability when it comes to rational urban development (Zhang and Li, 2018). Urban resilience contributes to this paradigm „the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience”(100 Resilient Cities). In order to ensure the capacity to respond the urban community needs and changing conditions, a two-pronged approach to urban systems pressures and challenges have to be applied in a pragmatic manner, based on a pre-emptive, integrated vision: on the one hand, the systemic problems of new settlements are solved in anticipation, „balanced and manageble” sites being developed; on the other hand, the current and ongoing weaknesses and stresses of the existing settlements are addressed (Jain, 2014). This vision suggests that resilience-building in planned communities responds in advance, with lower costs, a series of resilience challenges such as housing affordability, access to labour markets, traffic congestion, access to public spaces, natural hazard rosk to community, access to basic services (water, sanitation, electricity) compared to existing communities. However, while the planned communities are populated with their residents and develop, various resilience challenges appear, requiring adequate strategies, plans and concrete actions. This paper discusses the challenges that have to be faced in order to keep the master-planned communities resilient and the solutions proposed in this respect, requiring an integrated approach, using for the case study the story of Milton Keynes – Buckinghamshire, UK, the most famous ’new town’ in Europe and one of the most cited examples of successful new towns in the world. Besides the study of a large number of significant documents, the research included field trips to Milton Keynes and interviews with city-planners during the author’s research visit to the University of Oxford.