Christa Court (p), Stuart McIntyre

The Florida citrus industry has been one of the largest suppliers of fresh and processed citrus products to both the U.S. and world market for over a hundred years. Over the last 15 years, however, the industry has been devastated by a disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB and also known as citrus greening), which has had profound and long-lasting effects on Florida’s citrus production. Presently, there is no cure for the disease. By the 2011-12 season, measurable impacts of citrus greening on production were starting to emerge, including the impact on commercial tree inventory, fruit yields per tree, and higher costs of production. Due to a number of confounding factors such as demand fluctuations, international competition, and losses associated with natural disasters, it is exceedingly difficult to measure the economic impacts of citrus greening on regional economy. This manuscript uses synthetic control methods and regional data on citrus, agriculture, and macroeconomic indicators to correct for a number of these concerns. Results include estimates on the changes in production of Florida oranges and the changes in prices for Florida oranges that are attributable to citrus greening, making it possible to calculate changes in Florida orange grower revenues.

Zih-hong Lin (p), Hsueh-Sheng Chang

Climate change has increased temperature and caused intense rainfalls to become more frequently in Taiwan. In order to solve this problem, green infrastructure has been seen as an important strategy for flooding mitigation as well as increase in resilience. Although previous researches have tried to establish integrated planning models to simulate the benefits of the green infrastructures, most of them lacked of hydrological simulations in large-scale. This is problematic because different hydrological situation in large-scale might affect the result of the planning model and lead to an error siting decision of green infrastructure. This study proposed a combine of large-scale simulation with local-scale green infrastructure planning models, using a case in Tainan, Taiwan.
Large-scale climate change simulation in watershed was modeled using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) which is a continuous and semi-distributed processed based hydrological model. It has been applied for simulating stormwater management in urban watershed. Moreover, local-scale planning model was modified from Green Infrastructure Spatial Planning (GISP) model which is an application of spatial multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). It has established a basic framework to evaluating advantages of multifunctional green infrastructure and tried to examine synergies and tradeoffs between social and ecological benefits of green infrastructure. The major data that SWAT model require included elevation, land use, weather and soil data. In additions, GISP model involved six terms of benefits, and these benefits served as the indicators for GISP model. By combining the result of the simulation of SWAT model with GISP model, we can not only have a more complete approach for flooding evaluation, but also make a siting decision for green infrastructure more appropriately.
In conclusion, this study implications for siting of green infrastructure and promote social and ecological resilience.

Yoji Kunimitsu (p)

Rice production changes according to global warming, while at the same time global warming is accelerating emissions of methane gas from fields. Rice sector, as well as other industrial sectors, needs to take suitable mitigation measures, such as prolonging midsummer drainage before heading time and carbon tax, Data based on experiments are abundant, but macroeconomic effects of such measures are still unknown. This study aims to show the effects of such mitigation measures in Japanese economy, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Results demonstrate that a rise in temperature will cause serious decreases in rice price and income to rice farmers, because of bumper harvests until the 2050's. Midsummer drainage in paddy fields is effective to reduce methane gas emissions as well as to prevent a decrease in income. However, some farmers can potentially increase their own income by not adopting such mitigation measures under a high rice-price that is maintained by the participation of other farmers in these measures. In this sense, there is a strong motivation for some farmers to take a free-ride. To motivate every farmer to participate, a green subsidy with green tax is useful, and can increase a farmers’ income. Furthermore, rice yields are expected to decrease after 2050, so forward shift of cropping season can be used to avoid such reductions. By taking both mitigation and adaptation measures including green subsidies with carbon tax, farmer income can reach to a higher level than the present situation, and macroeconomic indexes, such as equivalent variation and GDP, will increase and GHG emissions can be reduced in Japan.

Bonghyun Jeong (p)

Greenway park planning in the city of Gwangju was focused on a green network only for pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles' mobility. A 10.8km Gwangju Greenway Park (GGP) is regarded as a corridor of protected open space managed for conservation and recreation purposes. GGP　is the results of public-private partnerships, and is the path used for walking, bicycling, or other forms of recreation or transportation. In recent years, GGP has turned out to be a famous city' sight from a tourism perspective, and to create a new landscape value environmentally. Gwangju greenway is largely based upon pedestrian streets, bikeway, small parks or other linear features.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the current conditions and problems of existing GGP, and then to suggest crucial strategies for the efficient management of GGP from the standpoint of sustainable urban regeneration. This study has main four sections, including concept of Greenway Park, conditions and problems of GGP, and management strategies of GGP for sustainable urban regeneration, and conclusion. This study is also conducted by a literature review of the research reports and papers, the analysis of secondary data, a questionnaire survey and its statistical analysis.