Sergey Kapelyuk , Maxim Kim , Nikita Riabushkin (p)

This study provides the results of the first field experiment on discrimination in Russia. This
experiment was conducted by sending numerous fictitious resume to employers and
registering their call-backs. We discovered the strong evidence of the discrimination by
nationality. We also revealed the substantial differences in the call-back ratio by the
possibility of females to have children in the future.

Gulcan Orak Oruc, Tuzin Baycan (p)

Besides environmental issues caused by climate change, according to Global Risk Perception survey which is carried out by the World Economic Forum in 2017, with a range of various age groups, countries and sectors, unemployment and underemployment trends takes the first line as the most challenging trend over the next 10 years. Creating green jobs is seen as the key solution to respond unemployment threat especially for youth and to meet the challenges of transition towards a green economy. Although there is no consensus about the definition of green jobs, attempts have been taken in international agenda and developed countries have already created national perspective whereas developing countries are struggling to build their own definition with local perspective and policy framework. In Turkey, as an emerging country, the intention of creating a green vision is also popular that some big private companies are trying to adapt their strategic plans as well as national development plans. This study investigates to what extent a green vision enhances the development of green jobs. While addressing all green key concept evaluation through a literature review, the study internalizes the International Labor Organization (ILO) its conceptual framework and methodology to classify sectors and to assess the green job potential via decent work criteria. The study illustrates the existing and potential level of economic activity related to green sectors and compares Turkey with other countries studied under the ILO its conceptual and methodological framework. Regarding the meaning of green and other related concepts in labor market context, the study aims to fill the gap in national and local policy and to highlight the challenges to create a strategic roadmap.

Greta Falavigna, Lisa Sella (p), Igor Benati

In last years, more and more scholars and institutions are analyzing social dynamics of gender equality across different fields. In this context, the present work focuses on gender dynamics in politics, analyzing the effect of the Italian law n.215/2012 on the presence of women in elections, both in terms of candidates and winners. Indeed, this law introduces a “gender balance rule”, since it attempts to fight the phenomenon of minor representation, and sometimes the exclusion, of women from Italian politics at all levels (municipality, regional, national). The availability of microdata on candidates and election winners in Italian municipalities for the time span over the law 215/2012 implementation allows evaluating the impact of the norm in contrasting the exclusion/minor representation phenomenon. Data on municipalities can be grouped by regions and compared with results from Italian regional elections in order to compare the local trends of female representation. Linking spatial, economic and social characteristics of municipalities and regions with electoral data on candidates and election winners will allow an econometric evaluation of factors affecting the male/female probability of candidacy and election at the municipality and regional levels. This study can provide very relevant considerations for policy-makers to align disparity between men and women regarding the access to politics. Moreover, results can suggest the most suitable instruments to encourage women empowerment.