Sabrina Pedrini (p), Raffaele Corrado , Pier Luigi Sacco

The music sector and its industries have been extensively studied from different scientific disciplines. Musicians have always influenced the environment in which they found to live and have had a tendency to agglomerate into clusters.
The characteristics of the city of Bologna and its cultural scene in the period under analysis (1978-1992) were numerous. Only in this town, in that historical-cultural period and given the political-environmental preconditions, it was possible to see spontaneously born a so cohesive and prolific music scene. It can be said that the relations that have characterized the bolognese musical scene (until its almost complete disappearance) are generated, from the relational dynamics within the city, now undergoing profound change and, since 20 years, in full decline.
The elements that have made the city attractive are the same that, in their absence, have made it abandoned (with a loss of 100,000 residents in 30 years). The period taken into consideration is particularly florid in cultural and creative view and takes shape thanks to a creative melieu, built spontaneously, from a university, multi-ethnic and welcoming city with solid industrial and social fabric, that gave it the reputation of one of the most welcoming and inclusive italian cities.
In this specific case we studied a network of artists (pop songwriters and musicians) whose characteristic was to choose to return to live and work in their hometown and who produced their records in the city between 1978 and 1992.
The study uses the SNA's instrument, widely recognized in the literature to describe the type of relationships that have characterized the bolognese singer-songwriter scene, focusing specifically on relations between artists. After using traditional network dimensions and a preliminary core-periphery approach, we applied the Newman Community Detection algorithm (Newman, 2006), never used in urban and in cultural community analysis.
Thanks to this approach we could find one connected element for all the period analysed, which shows us an extremely dense, efficient and collaborative scene and 4 different communities, denses and centralized, that refer to specific artists but are permeable to collaborations with each other.
The aim of the paper is to show how these relationships can also describe the cultural force of the city during the analyzed period. The relationship between social movements and cultural movements has been dealt mainly by sociological studies (Diani and Evans, 2003) without deepening how the latter were originated from the early ones.

Nikita Riabushkin (p)

Jose Manuel Pastor

Recent research has demonstrated the narrowness of the one-dimensional approach to the measurement of poverty through income or consumption. The development of capabilities theory has led to the emergence of multidimensional poverty concept. The main advantage of the multidimensional poverty is the accounting for the deprivation in access to basic needs. Also, multidimensional poverty is closer to chronic poverty than the income poverty that primarily consists of transitory poverty. In Russia, the official data on poverty are heavily criticized with regard to the choosing the poverty line and ignoring the economy on scale. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) for Russian regions and find the determinants of multidimensional poverty. To the best of our knowledge, it is a first attempt to calculate MPI for all regions of the Russian Federation. Multidimensional poverty index was developed by Alkire and Santos (2010). The first cross-country comparisons by MPI were introduced in the UNDP Human Development Report 2010. In subsequent years, different researchers adapt MPI for regional comparisons in the European Union, Malaysia, China, India, South Africa, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and other countries. We modify a method of MPI calculation taking into account the most prevalent deprivations in Russia. The calculations are based on the microdata from the Comprehensive Monitoring of Living Conditions of the Population carried out by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) in 2014 that covered 136,232 individuals from all regions of Russia. The results show that the overall poverty rate and interregional inequality in Russia are much higher compared to Rosstat data. Using econometric methods, we reveal the main demographic and social determinants of differences in MPI.

Sylwia Roszkowska (p)

The analyses of economic differences between regions commonly need data of higher fre-quency than that offered by official statistics. The main goal of the paper is to create higher fre-quency data at regional level. The article presents the application of cointegrated VAR model to temporal disaggregation of regional GDP. The forecasts of the disaggregated observed time series will be prepared using a CVAR model and the additional macroeconomic indicators (including labour market outcomes, price indices, gross fixed capital formation, industry production and other as necessary). The proposed method consists of two stages. In the first step the parameters of the system of equations linking the GDP at national level with the structural macroeconomic variables are estimated. In the second step, on the basis of the estimates from the first step, the estimated quarterly GDP for individual regions is treated as a function of estimated parameters. The data covers Polish economy and the period from 1995:01 to 2017:04. The analysis (besides forecasting reasons) allows for identification of the long run relations, common stochastic trends and the estimation of the adjustment dynamics in the sys-tem. Having estimated parameters of aforementioned CVAR, we use the structural parameters to get quarterly GDP at regional level. Macroeconomic data obtained as a result of the forecasting process indicate that economic dynamics of Polish regions is diversified. Moreover, analysed fluctuations at the national level and based on them fiscal and monetary policy seem to be ineffective for certain regions.

André Torre (p), Delphine Gallaud

The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on the works dedicated to proximity relations, with a focus on researches in the field of Regional Science and the most recent scientific advances in the domain. It intends to show the "vitality" of a theoretical approach which was developed from works of economists and gradually moved to other disciplines, and to evidence that the questioning carried by this approach is a point of interest for many researchers in different fields. But this renewal is also related to new scientific and societal issues, from industrial and innovation approaches towards more environmental topics or planning decision processes.
Proximity approaches and the related works have reached maturity in recent years, with a theoretical background stabilized around the founding idea of geographical / spatial proximity linked to a form of non-spatial proximity, that the authors describe either as organized, relational, social or cognitive. But at the same time, since the end of the 2000s, researchers renew the theoretical basis of the school of thought through the introduction of the notion of temporary proximity and the development of new methods to measure proximity relations. Finally, new research topics appear, analyzed by the authors using proximity approaches to cope with these new society and economic challenges.
These points illustrate the vitality of the proximity approach, which has both renewed its theoretical foundation and its methods, as well as its areas of application.The paper intends to provide insights for this dynamic evolution, given 5 main fields of analysis.
The first part presents the theoretical framework of the proximity approaches and its renewal in the 2000s. The second part provides with an illustration of the recent methods developed to strengthen the proximity analysis, which induces mainly interdisciplinary works. The third part focuses on the use of proximity approaches in analyzing innovation relations. This part corresponds to one of the foundations of the initial proximity approach, a theoretical tool being used from the beginning to analyze innovation because of its plasticity. The fourth part deals with the way in which other scientific disciplines than economics - the founding discipline- tackle the proximity approach and adapt it to deal with their own research questions. Finally, the last part opens on recent research topics / on recent science fronts and shows how proximity approaches can be used properly to address these new research questions.